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Carbon dots as multifunctional primer to optimize dentin bonding durability.

Huiyi Yan¹, Chuliang Tang¹, Chenmin Yao¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials

|May 13, 2026

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Carbon dots (CDs) enhance dentin bonding by improving bond strength and reducing degradation. These multifunctional nanomaterials offer antibacterial properties and excellent biocompatibility for dental applications.

Area of Science:

Nanomaterials in Dentistry
Biomaterials Science
Adhesive Dentistry

Background:

Dentin bonding optimization is crucial for the longevity of dental restorations.
Current bonding strategies face challenges related to hydrolysis, enzymatic degradation, and bacterial adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate carbon dots (CDs) as a multifunctional primer for improving dentin bonding.
To investigate the impact of CDs on bond strength, anti-hydrolysis, anti-enzymolysis, and antibacterial properties.

Main Methods:

Characterization of CDs using HRTEM, XPS, and spectrofluorimetry.
Application of varying CD concentrations on demineralized dentin followed by adhesive application and composite buildup.
Assessment of microtensile bond strength (MTBS), interfacial nanoleakage, in situ zymography, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility.

Keywords:

Adhesive Carbon dots Dentin Durability Primer

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Main Results:

The 20 mg/mL CDs primer group exhibited superior bond strength after thermocycling and collagenase aging.
CDs reduced water channel formation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in hybrid layers.
CDs enhanced dentin surface hydrophilicity, resin polymerization, and inhibited Streptococcus mutans adhesion with good biosafety.

Conclusions:

Carbon dots act as effective bridges between collagen fibrils and adhesives, reducing nanoleakage.
CDs inhibit MMP activity and bacterial adhesion while maintaining biocompatibility.
This study expands the application of CDs and provides a foundation for using carbon-based nanomaterials in adhesive dentistry.