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Updated: May 15, 2026

Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance

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Published on: September 5, 2018

Tailored Bond Heterogeneity through High-Entropy Doping for Efficient Acidic Water Oxidation.

Sihwa Lee¹, Jaehyuk Shim^1,2,3,4, Kangjae Lee^2,5

¹KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 14, 2026

Summary

Ruthenium catalysts show promise for water electrolysis but degrade quickly. A new high-entropy doping strategy enhances catalyst stability at both atomic and lattice levels, improving durability for oxygen evolution reactions.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Ruthenium (Ru)-based catalysts are explored as alternatives to Iridium (Ir) for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.
Current challenges include rapid dissolution of Ru catalysts in acidic environments, limiting their practical application.
Existing stabilization methods like elemental doping and high-entropy materials have limitations, such as incomplete stabilization or active site dilution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel high-entropy doping (HED) strategy for stabilizing Ru-based catalysts.
To achieve simultaneous atomic-scale and lattice-scale stabilization of Ru catalysts for enhanced durability.
To optimize the electronic structure and catalytic performance of Ru catalysts for OER.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a high-entropy doping strategy integrating multiple foreign elements at the atomic dopant level in RuO2.
Characterization of the resulting Ru-O bond heterogeneity and multiaxial lattice distortion.
Evaluation of catalyst durability using stability metrics, including the stability number (S-number).

Main Results:

The HED strategy successfully achieved both atomic-scale and lattice-scale stabilization of the Ru catalyst.
Ru-O bond heterogeneity microscopically optimized the electronic structure of active Ru sites.
The optimized HED1/RuO2 catalyst demonstrated long-term durability with a stability number of 2.4 × 10^6, nearing IrO2 benchmarks.

Conclusions:

High-entropy doping is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability and durability of Ru-based catalysts for OER.
This approach addresses limitations of conventional doping and high-entropy materials by providing multi-scale stabilization.
The developed HED1/RuO2 catalyst shows significant potential for practical application in water electrolysis, approaching the performance of iridium-based catalysts.