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Updated: May 15, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain
Published on: February 12, 2016
Immune cells in intracerebral hemorrhage
1Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the deadliest form of stroke, is characterized by bleeding into brain parenchyma and formation of hematoma. Currently, there is no treatment available for ICH. Inflammatory response is a key pathology of ICH and plays a dual role in ICH---contributing to both secondary brain injury and recovery processes. This review discusses different types (both brain-resident and infiltrated) of immune cells and their functions during inflammation processes following ICH. Specifically, the temporal dynamics, polarization, and function of microglia/macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and astrocytes in ICH are summarized in a cell-specific manner. In addition, we also discuss key challenges and unanswered questions that need to be addressed in the future. A thorough understanding of the functions of different immune cells in ICH will provide a strong foundation for future studies and lead to the identification of novel cellular/molecular targets for therapeutic development.
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