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Laser-Induced Changes in Root Dentin Microhardness: Evidence From a Systematic Review.
Ansha Jasmin S1, Seema Merwade1, Kiran Kumar Neelakantappa1
1Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, IND.
Cureus
|May 14, 2026
Summary
Laser conditioning effectively removes the smear layer on dentin, improving bonding. Diode and erbium-based lasers show promise for safer, efficient dental procedures when parameters are optimized.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
- Laser Dentistry
Background:
- Conventional rotary instrumentation for dentin conditioning creates a smear layer, hindering bonding and cleaning.
- Laser technology offers precise ablation for dentin conditioning, potentially minimizing thermal damage.
- Inconsistent findings exist regarding laser type and parameter effects on dentin.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review in vitro studies on laser irradiation effects on dentin microhardness, smear layer removal, and surface morphology.
- To evaluate Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAG, and diode laser systems for dentin conditioning.
- To synthesize evidence on laser efficacy and safety in dentin surface preparation.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of major databases up to June 15, 2025.
- Inclusion of in vitro studies examining dentin structural, compositional, or mechanical changes post-laser irradiation.
- Data extraction on laser parameters, outcomes, and bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.
Main Results:
- Thirteen studies (2012-2025) met inclusion criteria.
- Diode and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers excelled in smear layer removal and surface cleanliness.
- Er:YAG lasers provided effective cleaning with minimal damage; Nd:YAG and high-power Er,Cr:YSGG impacted microhardness and morphology.
Conclusions:
- Diode and erbium-based lasers effectively enhance smear layer removal and preserve dentin integrity under controlled parameters.
- Optimized laser protocols show potential as adjunctive tools for safer, efficient dentin conditioning.
- Laser conditioning offers a promising alternative to conventional methods in restorative and endodontic practice.
