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Structural, optical, and electrochemical properties of a new 1D copper(II) halometalate for highly sensitive dopamine
Houyem Khlifi1, Jassem Wannassi2, Noureddine Mhadhbi1,3
1Laboratory Physical-Chemistry of the Solid State, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, University of Sfax, Tunisia. houcine_naili@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
A new one-dimensional (1D) copper(II) halometalate, [Cu(κ2-Cl)2(η1-4-I-Pz)2]n (4-I-Pz = 4-iodopyrazole), was synthesized via a Schlenk method and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound consists of infinite Cu-Cl-Cu chains featuring Jahn-Teller-distorted Cu(II) centers in elongated octahedral environments. The 1D architecture is reinforced by synergistic I⋯I and I⋯Cl halogen interactions together with π-π stacking, generating a robust supramolecular framework. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with Kubelka-Munk and Tauc analyses reveals an indirect optical band gap of 2.23 eV and a noticeable Urbach tail, highlighting the influence of structural anisotropy on its electronic properties. Optical investigations further evidence ligand-to-metal charge transfer and characteristic Cu(II) d-d transitions. When employed as a glassy carbon electrode modifier, the material exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward dopamine oxidation, delivering a low detection limit of 0.01 μM, two linear ranges (0.01-1 and 1-10 μM), high selectivity, and recovery values of 96.7-102% in human serum. These findings establish a clear structure-property-function relationship and demonstrate the potential of 1D copper halometalates as multifunctional materials for optoelectronic and electrochemical sensing applications.
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