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Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine with a Nafion-Coated Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polypyrrole-Functionalized Magnetic
Afef Dhaffouli1,2, Paul E D Soto-Rodríguez3, Soledad Carinelli4
1Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
Abstract:
An electrochemical sensor based on a novel composite of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide, polypyrrole-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs@PPy), and Nafion was developed for dopamine (DA) detection. The structural, thermal, and electrochemical properties of the composite were validated through a combination of advanced spectroscopic techniques, thermal profiling, electron microscopy, and impedance analyses. Under optimized conditions, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) revealed a high sensitivity (1.573 A·M-1·cm-2, R2 = 0.9874) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.4 × 10-9 M for DA. The sensor displayed excellent selectivity, showing minimal interference from ascorbic acid, uric acid, and acetaminophen. Repeatability and reproducibility were confirmed (coefficient of variation ~8%). Real-sample analysis of urine and blood demonstrated recovery rates between 75 and 116%.
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