Applications of multiomics technologies to thermotolerant yeasts in industrial fermentation

Yeast is widely used in food fermentation, biofuel production, biomedicine. Its growth in high-temperature environments critically affects production efficiency and cost. Conventional strains are susceptible to cellular damage and enzyme inactivation at high temperatures, resulting in reduced fermentation capacity, increased microbial contamination. This limits applications in processes such as biofuel generation, tropical beverage fermentation, and the production of industrial biochemicals. Multiomics technology enables directional breeding and mechanistic analysis of thermotolerance. Genomics identifies heat-related gene clusters; transcriptomics reveals dynamic gene expression and key pathways; proteomics analyzes differential proteins and interaction networks; and metabolomics detects metabolic changes, key nodes via LC-MS(Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Integrated multiomics analysis constructs a regulatory network for heat tolerance, enabling the identification of key genes and the development of improved strains. This review highlights how multiomics technology elucidates molecular mechanisms and accelerates the breeding of thermotolerant yeasts, providing a basis for industrial applications in food and bioenergy under high-temperature conditions.