Translational Perspectives on Anti-Inflammatory Interventions for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Evidence from...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Immunology
• Microbiology

Background:

• The Gut-Brain Axis (GBA) facilitates bidirectional communication between the gut and brain via neuronal, endocrine, and immune pathways.
• Chronic neuroinflammation, linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like MS, PD, and AD, is increasingly associated with GBA dysfunction.
• Gut dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and altered microbial metabolites (e.g., SCFAs, polyphenols) are implicated in NDD pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review preclinical and clinical evidence for anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the GBA for NDDs.
• To explore the therapeutic potential of microbiota-based, dietary, and pharmacological interventions.
• To identify translational challenges and future directions for GBA-targeted neurodegenerative disease treatment.

Main Methods:

• Summarization of existing preclinical and clinical data.
• Analysis of studies on microbiota-based treatments (probiotics, FMT).
• Evaluation of dietary interventions (Mediterranean diet, polyphenol-rich diets) and pharmacological agents (curcumin, resveratrol, SCFA mimetics).

Main Results:

• Microbiota-based treatments show potential in reducing neuroinflammation and improving cognition.
• Dietary therapies can modulate gut microbiota, reduce inflammation, and enhance neuroprotection.
• Pharmacological agents targeting microbiota offer anti-neuroinflammatory benefits.

Conclusions:

• Targeting the Gut-Brain Axis presents a novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
• Significant translational challenges remain, including model limitations and microbiome variability.
• Future research should integrate multi-omics, AI, and personalized medicine for precise GBA-targeted therapies, supported by robust clinical trials.