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Household Food Insecurity Indicators in Rural Aotearoa New Zealand: Patterns, Protections, and Persistent Inequities
Kahurangi Dey Ngāti Pūkenga Ngāiterangi1, Mona Jeffreys1
1Te Hikuwai Rangahau Hauora | Health Services Research Centre Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand.
Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
|May 15, 2026
Summary
Food insecurity exists in rural Aotearoa, New Zealand, though less prevalent than in urban areas. Rural Māori households face higher rates of food insufficiency compared to non-Māori, highlighting ethnicity as a key factor.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Nutrition Science
Background:
- Food insecurity is a complex issue in high-income nations.
- Data on food security in Aotearoa New Zealand often focuses on specific demographics, with limited information on geographic variations.
- Understanding food security across different rural and non-rural areas is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the prevalence of household food insecurity across rural and non-rural areas in Aotearoa New Zealand.
- To investigate food resource insufficiency stratified by socio-demographic variables and rurality.
- To identify disparities in food security experienced by different ethnic groups in rural settings.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the 2019/2020 New Zealand Health Survey.
- Analyzed eight statements related to household food resource sufficiency.
- Examined food security measures by rurality, socio-demographic factors, and ethnicity.
Main Results:
- Food insecurity was identified in rural Aotearoa households.
- Food resource insufficiency was less prevalent in rural households compared to non-rural ones across age, gender, and deprivation variables.
- While rural Māori households had lower rates than non-rural Māori, they still experienced higher insufficiency than non-rural non-Māori.
Conclusions:
- Ethnicity is a significant indicator of food insecurity in Aotearoa.
- Structural racism contributes to food resource insufficiency, necessitating policy changes.
- Targeted public health policies are required to address disparities in food security, particularly for Māori in rural areas.
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