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Evaluation of ergonomic work postures among dental students during restorative procedures using an artificial
Sanjeev B Khanagar1,2,3, Aram Alshehri2,3,4, Farraj Albalawi1,2,3
1Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background:
Dental professionals are frequently exposed to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), with ergonomic risks often emerging during undergraduate dental training. While most existing studies rely on self-reported questionnaires, objective evaluations of work postures remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate work postures adopted by dental students while performing restorative procedures in simulation laboratories using an AI-based assessment model.
Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among dental students. Participants were recruited through a non-probability purposive sampling method. They were photographed while performing dental procedures in a simulation laboratory. The images were analyzed using a previously validated AI-based Assessment Model [SBK-DentErgo].
Results:
A total of 75 students were included in the final analysis. Regarding overall postural aspects, it is noteworthy that none of the students demonstrated acceptable posture. The mean score for the overall posture analysis was 14.2 (±1.6). Among the postural aspects, the hip was highly compromised in 55 (73.3%), followed by upper arm in 52 (64.3%), wrist 48 (64%), neck (side to side) 36 (58.7%), elbows 38 (50.7%), neck (front) 36 (48%). Fisher's Exact test showed D3 students significantly had acceptable hip angulation posture, 10 (52.6%) acceptable, compared to D2 students, among whom 16 (88.9%) exhibited compromised hip angulation (p = 0.02). Similarly, 12 (63.2%) D3 students demonstrated an acceptable wrist position, whereas D4 students, 16 (88.9%), had a compromised wrist position (p = 0.01). Gender-based postural assessment revealed a significant difference in wrist positioning: male students, 19 (52.8%), maintained acceptable wrist position, compared to 31 (79.5%) female students who exhibited compromised wrist angulation (p = 0.01). Multinomial regression analysis indicated that D3 students had higher odds of maintaining appropriate hip (OR = 6.29, p = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.37-28.85) and wrist (OR = 6.85, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 1.62-28.89) postures, while female students demonstrated lower odds of maintaining appropriate wrist posture.
Conclusions:
Dental students adopt improper postures during dental procedures, indicating an early risk of developing ergonomic problems during their training. This AI-model is effective for objective evaluation of ergonomic work postures and can serve as supplementary educational tool for detecting postural deviations in educational settings.