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Anatomically Accurate 3D-Printed Thoracic Model With Artificial Skin for Chest Drainage Training.
Rene D Mileva-Popova1, Konstantinos Papadakis1, Krasimir K Yanev2
1Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University, Sofia, BGR.
Cureus
|May 15, 2026
Summary
This study developed a low-cost, realistic thoracic training model using 3D printing and silicone for medical students. The reusable model enhances procedural skills training for chest tube insertion and thoracentesis.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Biomedical Engineering
- Surgical Simulation
Background:
- Simulation-based training is crucial for invasive procedures like chest tube insertion.
- High-fidelity models are needed to improve trainee skills and patient safety.
- Existing models may lack anatomical accuracy or cost-effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and implement an anatomically accurate, low-cost thoracic training model.
- To utilize computed tomography (CT) data, 3D printing, and silicone molding for model creation.
- To evaluate the educational value and student satisfaction with the developed training model.
Main Methods:
- Segmented CT data to create a 3D rib cage model fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM).
- Constructed a reusable model with simulated soft tissues, artificial skin, and a fluid-filled balloon for pleural fluid simulation.
- Implemented the model in training sessions for 50 medical students, assessing realism, usefulness, and educational value via Likert scale questionnaires.
Main Results:
- The model was produced in-house with a manufacturing time of 2-4 hours for the 3D structure and 24 hours for silicone curing.
- Total material cost per model ranged from 5 to 8 EUR, offering a cost-effective solution.
- Students reported high satisfaction (mean score 4.61/5), indicating high perceived realism, usefulness, and educational value.
Conclusions:
- The developed thoracic training model is anatomically accurate, low-cost, and reusable.
- In-house manufacturing enables rapid prototyping, customization, and repeated use for diverse training scenarios.
- This model serves as a valuable platform for undergraduate medical education and procedural skills training in simulation-based learning environments.
