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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Published on: December 29, 2021

Temporal Programming of Cell-Free Transcription Using Orthogonal Enzyme-Responsive DNA Blockers.

Jordy Alexis Lerma-Escalera1, Juliette Bucci1,2, Ana Urošević1

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed enzyme-driven DNA timers for precise control of cell-free transcription delays. These innovative tools allow tunable transcription timing, enabling complex synthetic biology applications.

Keywords:
blockerscell-free transcriptiondelayenzymetemporal controltimers

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Precise temporal control of gene expression is crucial for synthetic biology.
  • Existing methods for controlling transcription timing in cell-free systems have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize orthogonal, enzyme-driven DNA transcriptional timers.
  • To enable precise programming of time delays in cell-free transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized blocker strands that bind to DNA promoters, preventing transcription.
  • Employed enzymatic cleavage of blocker strands to initiate transcription.
  • Varied enzyme and blocker strand concentrations to tune degradation kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Achieved fine temporal control over transcription half-life (t1/2) from 0.48 h to 8.4 h.
  • Demonstrated orthogonal temporal control of multiple transcription templates using different enzymes (RNase H, UDG, Fpg).
  • Showcased programmed termination control and regulation of Cas12a activity.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a generalizable framework for time-resolved transcription using DNA transcriptional timers.
  • Established a straightforward method for programming gene expression in cell-free systems.
  • Enabled precise temporal regulation for advanced synthetic biology applications.