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Updated: May 17, 2026

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: February 18, 2022

Enhancement of Cell Adhesion on 3D-Printed PLA through Surface Modification Using Photoactivated Chlorine Dioxide.

Nana Otsuka1, Yasuo Yagura1, Tsuyoshi Inoue1,2

  • 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Osaka, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Photo-oxidation enhances poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds for tissue engineering. This novel surface modification improves cell attachment and is applicable to 3D structures, overcoming previous limitations.

Keywords:
3D-printed scaffoldscarboxy functionalizationcell adhesionphoto-oxidationpolylactic acid (PLA)surface charge density

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising scaffold material due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability.
  • PLA's inherent hydrophobicity hinders cell adhesion, limiting its use in tissue engineering.
  • Existing surface modification methods often reduce mechanical strength or are complex to apply to 3D structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel surface modification technique for PLA to improve cell affinity.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the photo-oxidation method on PLA's biological performance.
  • To assess the applicability of photo-oxidation to three-dimensional PLA scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was modified using a photo-oxidation technique involving light irradiation of chlorine dioxide radicals.
  • The cell affinity of the modified PLA was evaluated using mouse fibroblasts (L929 cells).
  • Cell proliferation and actin extension were measured to assess cell attachment and behavior.

Main Results:

  • Photo-oxidation significantly enhanced the cell affinity of PLA scaffolds at optimal temperatures.
  • Increased cell numbers and pronounced actin extension were observed on modified surfaces.
  • The photo-oxidation method was successfully applied to three-dimensional PLA structures.

Conclusions:

  • Photo-oxidation is an effective surface modification strategy for improving the biological performance of PLA.
  • This method overcomes limitations of previous techniques, offering improved cell affinity and applicability to 3D scaffolds.
  • Photo-oxidation presents a versatile approach for advancing PLA-based tissue engineering applications.