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Updated: May 17, 2026

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
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Published on: June 16, 2023

A deep-sea passive ranging method for vertical double hydrophones based on equivalent bottom-reflection depth.

Yuanhao Qin1,2,3, Jidan Mei1,2,3, Lu Shen4

  • 1National Key Laboratory of underwater Acoustic Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an improved passive ranging method for underwater sound sources using double hydrophones. It enhances accuracy by estimating an equivalent reflection depth, overcoming limitations of traditional seafloor depth assumptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean acoustics
  • Underwater acoustics
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • Passive ranging in deep water is crucial for locating sound sources.
  • Traditional methods struggle with seabed complexities and sound speed variations, impacting accuracy.
  • Accurate underwater source localization is vital for various marine applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a more accurate passive ranging method for near-surface sound sources in deep water.
  • To address the limitations of traditional methods that rely on uncertain seafloor depth.
  • To introduce and validate a novel approach using an equivalent reflection depth.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a vertical double hydrophone array to measure time delays between direct and bottom-reflected sound paths.
  • Estimating an equivalent reflection depth to model the effective seafloor interface.
  • Verifying the method through numerical simulations and a sea experiment in the South China Sea.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method accurately estimates source ranges by accounting for seabed complexities.
  • Numerical simulations and experimental data show good agreement between estimated and ground truth ranges.
  • The equivalent reflection depth effectively replaces the actual seafloor depth in the ranging model.

Conclusions:

  • The novel passive ranging method significantly improves accuracy in deep water environments.
  • The technique effectively overcomes challenges posed by seabed variations and sound speed profiles.
  • This advancement offers a more reliable solution for underwater acoustic source localization.