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Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Descriptive Results From a Pilot Study to Test the NICU Paternal Needs Inventory.

Linda Merritt1, M Terese Verklan

  • 1Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut (Merritt); and School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (Verklan).

The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) fathers have diverse emotional, psychological, and physical needs. Understanding these unique paternal requirements is crucial for supporting fathers during their infant

Keywords:
NICU fathersfamily-centered carepaternal needspremature infants

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Research
  • Paternal Psychology
  • Family Support Systems

Background:

  • Paternal stress in the NICU context is often overlooked and differs from maternal stress.
  • Existing research inadequately addresses the unique needs of fathers during infant hospitalization.
  • Paternal experiences in the NICU are complex and require focused investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the emotional, psychological, and physical needs of fathers with infants in the NICU.
  • To utilize the NICU Paternal Needs Inventory (NPNI) for assessing paternal needs.
  • To identify specific areas of need for fathers in the NICU environment.

Main Methods:

  • A nonexperimental descriptive study was conducted across four US NICUs.
  • The NICU Paternal Needs Inventory (NPNI), a 42-item tool, was administered to 210 fathers.
  • Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis.

Main Results:

  • Descriptive statistics indicated that 19 needs were highly rated (60%-100%) by fathers.
  • A wide range of responses was observed for the remaining needs, highlighting individual variability.
  • Key needs identified were primarily emotional and psychological.

Conclusions:

  • Fathers' needs in the NICU are highly individualized and influenced by personal experiences.
  • A holistic nursing approach is essential for supporting fathers' adaptation to the NICU.
  • Further research on the NPNI is recommended to assess paternal needs throughout NICU stays.