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Updated: May 17, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
13:44

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Published on: December 27, 2012

Unidirectional Evaporation-Induced Tunable and Continuous Gradient Composite Structure for Absorption-Dominant

Dawei Zhang1,2, Yan Zhang3, Baosong Li4,5

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method using MXene-decorated melamine foams for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. This advanced material offers superior absorption-dominant performance, minimizing secondary pollution and enhancing signal protection.

Keywords:
absorption dominancecomposite foamcontinuous gradient structureelectromagnetic interference shieldingevaporation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding demands controlled electrical conductivity and impedance matching to prevent secondary pollution.
  • Current methods often involve discrete layers, which can be suboptimal for absorption-dominant shielding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and scalable method for fabricating MXene-decorated melamine foams with a continuous electrical conductivity gradient.
  • To optimize impedance matching and electromagnetic wave attenuation for enhanced absorption-dominant EMI shielding.

Main Methods:

  • A unidirectional evaporation technique was employed to create a gradient distribution of MXene nanosheets within a 3D melamine foam structure.
  • Capillary, gravity, and Marangoni forces were utilized to control MXene redistribution during directional solvent evaporation.
  • Evaporation parameters (temperature, humidity, MXene concentration) were tuned to regulate the gradient profile.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated composite demonstrated a continuous, tunable electrical conductivity gradient without discrete layer boundaries.
  • Outstanding absorption-dominant EMI shielding was achieved, with a total shielding effectiveness of 53.84 dB in the X-band.
  • Ultralow reflection shielding effectiveness (0.032 dB) and high absorptivity (0.99276) were recorded, indicating minimal reflection.

Conclusions:

  • The unidirectional evaporation method provides a general pathway for creating continuous-gradient architectures in porous composites.
  • This approach offers new opportunities for designing high-performance, low-reflection EMI shielding materials.
  • The developed MXene-melamine foam composite shows significant promise for advanced EMI shielding applications.