Dumping Syndrome After Esophagectomy: Prevalence and Predictors in Gastroesophageal Cancer Patients

Dumping syndrome (DS) is a well-known sequela after esophagectomy, yet its prevalence remains uncertain, with previously reported estimates varying greatly (0%-78%). Moreover, predictors of DS remain underexplored. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DS following curatively intended esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma and to identify potential risk factors.

This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma between January 2021 and May 2024. Data were collected through structured nurse-led follow-up interviews at predefined postoperative time points up to 24 mo after surgery. DS was classified based on reported symptoms. The prevalence of DS was assessed, and potential predictors were investigated through logistic regression analyses. Weight change over time was compared between patients with and without DS.

This study included 148 patients. In total, 78% [70.9-84.7%] experienced DS at least once during follow-up, while point prevalence at individual visits remained consistently around 40-45%. Male sex was associated with increased odds of DS (adjusted odds ratio 3.04, [1.11-8.17]). Both groups experienced postoperative weight loss, with a nonsignificant tendency toward greater weight loss in patients with DS, particularly at one and 12 mo.

DS is highly prevalent after esophagectomy. These findings highlight the need for standardized diagnostic criteria, routine structured symptom assessment, and evidence-based strategies for postoperative management. Prospective studies are warranted to better define risk factors and optimize care for affected patients.