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Updated: May 17, 2026

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Reverse Janssen effect with non-spherical grains.

Adria Meca-Montserrat1,2, Iker Zamorano1, Caleb Anderson1

  • 1University of Barcelona, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Marti i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Physical Review. E
|May 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Janssen effect describes how granular materials in containers reach a constant apparent weight. This study finds that non-spherical grains cause this effect to diminish faster with increasing container diameter compared to spherical grains.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Mechanics

Background:

  • Granular matter displays unique mechanical behaviors, deviating from typical fluid or solid responses.
  • The Janssen effect explains weight saturation in granular columns due to wall friction, where added mass doesn't linearly increase bottom weight.
  • A reverse Janssen effect, characterized by a weight overshoot, is observed in narrow cylinders with spherical grains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the influence of particle shape on the reverse Janssen effect.
  • To determine how grain shape affects the transition from the reverse Janssen effect to the standard Janssen saturation.
  • To analyze potential mechanisms explaining the observed impact of grain shape on granular material mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup involving filling cylindrical containers with granular materials of varying shapes (spherical and non-spherical).
  • Systematic variation of cylinder diameter and particle shape to observe changes in measured weight.
  • Quantitative analysis of the apparent weight as a function of added mass and container dimensions.

Main Results:

  • The reverse Janssen effect diminishes more rapidly with increasing cylinder diameter for non-spherical grains compared to spherical grains.
  • Particle shape significantly influences the conditions under which the reverse Janssen effect is observed.
  • Observed phenomena provide insights into the interplay between particle morphology, friction, and confinement in granular systems.

Conclusions:

  • Particle shape is a critical factor modulating the mechanical response of granular materials.
  • The transition dynamics of the Janssen effect are demonstrably altered by grain non-sphericity.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the complex relationship between grain geometry and macroscopic granular behavior.