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Related Concept Videos

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
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The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
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When a non-volatile solute is added to a pure solvent, it results in the lowering of the freezing point of the solvent. This phenomenon is called freezing point depression. The extent to which the freezing point is lowered depends on the molality of the solute -the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent and the cryoscopic constant of the solvent.From the plot of chemical potential, μ, against temperature, it is evident that the μ of both solid and liquid solvents decrease with...
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Updated: May 18, 2026

Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues
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Published on: March 9, 2021

Evaluating hemicellulose-API miscibility using melting point depression.

Tuomas Kilpeläinen1, Riikka Laitinen1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|May 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hemicelluloses show limited miscibility with APIs in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), suggesting only low drug concentrations ensure stability. However, they may still enhance drug dissolution through other mechanisms.

Keywords:
AmorphousAmorphous solid dispersionsDSCDrug delivery systemHemicelluloseMiscibilityPharmaceuticsSolubilityThermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) enhance solubility of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
  • Hemicelluloses offer potential as polymeric carriers but their miscibility with APIs is poorly understood.
  • API-polymer miscibility is crucial for ASD stability and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the miscibility of hemicelluloses with APIs using Flory-Huggins theory and melting point depression.
  • To determine the thermodynamic stability of hemicellulose-API mixtures for pharmaceutical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Application of Flory-Huggins theory.
  • Melting point depression measurements.
  • Phase diagram analysis for API-hemicellulose systems.

Main Results:

  • Hemicelluloses were found to be immiscible with three model APIs.
  • Phase diagrams indicated thermodynamic instability for most API fractions at room temperature.
  • Limited API loading is predicted for stable hemicellulose-based ASDs.

Conclusions:

  • Hemicelluloses exhibit limited thermodynamic miscibility with lipophilic APIs.
  • Stable amorphous solid dispersions with hemicelluloses may require minimal API fractions.
  • Hemicelluloses might stabilize amorphous APIs and improve dissolution via non-thermodynamic mechanisms.