An Intelligent Closed-Loop Wound Management Platform Integrated Real-Time Infection Monitoring and On-Demand...

Bacteria-infected wounds urgently require wound monitoring and timely treatment to interrupt the progression of infection, but current open-loop management causes diagnostic-therapeutic disconnect and substantial consumption of medical resources. In this work, an intelligent wound management platform (IWP), including a sensing/therapeutic module, an analysis/control module, and a therapeutic-driven module, was developed to establish a closed-loop management by integrating infection monitoring with on-demand treatment. Through the deprotonation of molecular structure in sensing/therapeutic module, IWP exhibited reversible visual assessment of colorimetric pH-monitoring probe, facilitating rapid diagnosis within seconds. The pH detection results across different lighting conditions were consistent via a white-reference-based illumination compensation method. In the meantime, IWP enabled mobile communication-software-mediated activation and control of therapeutic unit delivery, achieved a post-treatment antibacterial rate of 92.6% and 84.9% against E. coli and S. aureus. In vivo evaluations revealed that IWP effectively detected wound infection by monitoring pH levels and accelerated wound healing through the on-demand Zn²⁺ and EGCG delivery of micro-scale therapeutic units, with the wound healing reaching up to 96.4% after 14 days of treatment. This closed-loop diagnostic-therapeutic strategy is anticipated to pave the way for rapid wound status evaluation, ensuring timely clinical intervention for infected wound conditions.