Innovations in Obesity Treatment: Beyond Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

Area of Science:

• Multidisciplinary review integrating metabolic, immunological, and oncological evidence.
• Focus on obesity as a complex multisystem disorder with significant health implications.

Background:

• Obesity, characterized by excessive adipose tissue, is a global health challenge.
• It has profound metabolic, inflammatory, and oncogenic consequences.
• Chronic inflammation is a key mediator linking obesity to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a multidisciplinary perspective on obesity as a multisystem disorder.
• To review current literature on metabolic, immunological, and oncological aspects of obesity.
• To highlight novel therapeutic strategies for obesity and related conditions.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of current scientific literature.
• Integration of metabolic, immunological, and oncological evidence.
• Examination of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

• Adipose tissue dysfunction, altered adipokines, and immune cell infiltration drive obesity pathogenesis.
• Hyperinsulinemia and dysregulated adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) influence tumor progression.
• Therapeutic strategies include metformin, targeted receptor therapies, white adipose tissue browning, and appetite-regulating medications (GLP-1, GIP agonists).

Conclusions:

• Obesity's complexity necessitates integrated approaches beyond traditional diet and exercise.
• Understanding its multisystem impact is crucial for developing novel interventions.
• Targeting inflammation, metabolic pathways, and appetite control offers promising therapeutic avenues.