Dermocosmetic Potential of Punica granatum: A Systematic Review of Bioactive Compounds and Skincare Applications

Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Recent evidence supports its expanding applications in dermatology and dermocosmetics.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the skin-related biological activities of pomegranate extracts, identify the key bioactive compounds involved, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms relevant to skin health and aging.

A total of 732 studies were screened using AIReviewer clustering. Fifty-four original articles were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria prioritizing molecular evidence, in vitro and in vivo assays, and clinical relevance.

Pomegranate extracts exhibit a broad range of dermocosmetic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, wound healing, moisturizing, photoprotective, and collagen-preserving effects. These effects are primarily attributed to ellagitannins (punicalagin and punicalin), ellagic and gallic acid, triterpenoids (oleanolic, maslinic, and asiatic acids), flavonoids (quercetin and catechins), anthocyanins, and fatty acids (punicic acid). Pomegranate extracts modulate oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species and upregulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways. They inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3), suppress proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and stimulate fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and hyaluronic acid synthesis. Their photoprotective activity provides enhanced UVB resistance and higher SPF values. Recent advances in fermentation and nanotechnology have been shown to increase the bioavailability and stability of compounds found in pomegranate, offering new formulation strategies.

Pomegranates are a promising source of multifunctional phytochemicals with validated dermocosmetic applications. Their incorporation into advanced delivery systems may increase their therapeutic potential for skin protection, regeneration, and antiaging interventions.