Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026

Fluorescence-mediated Tomography for the Detection and Quantification of Macrophage-related Murine Intestinal Inflammation
Published on: December 15, 2017
Small Molecules as Advanced Therapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Particularly Regarding
Toshiyuki Sakurai1, Masayuki Saruta1
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan.
Abstract:
Small molecules used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are orally administered therapies that offer a rapid onset without immunogenicity. Currently, three Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (tofacitinib, filgotinib, and upadacitinib), two Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators (ozanimod and etrasimod), and one alpha4-integrin antagonist (carotegrast methyl) are available in Japan. Each JAK inhibitor has its own efficacy and safety profile: Upadacitinib is the most effective, despite its higher frequency of associated adverse events, whereas filgotinib has a weaker efficiency but with fewer adverse events. Although tofacitinib has been associated with major cardiovascular events and thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, such findings have not been demonstrated in patients with ulcerative colitis. S1PR modulators have similar mechanisms of action, except for the titration at the beginning and the recovery time of the lymphocyte count after discontinuation. Overall, small-molecule drugs are effective and convenient options for IBD, with safety profiles that require individual patient assessment.
More Related Videos
08:58Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
Published on: January 5, 2017
09:44Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions in the SHIP-deficient Mouse Model of Crohn Disease-like Ileitis and Fibrosis
Published on: October 14, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
Pharmacologic...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...