Immunohistochemical profiling of prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Amit Wasti1, Shweta Chouhan2, Vinod Sargaiyan3
1Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College, Rajbandha Maidan, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
Abstract:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) exhibits heterogeneous behavior, limiting the prognostic value of conventional histopathological grading alone. This study assessed Ki-67, p53, EGFR, E-cadherin and cyclin D1 expression in 120 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded OSCC specimens. High expression prevailed: Ki-67 (65.8%), mutant p53 (58.3%), EGFR (52.5%), reduced E-cadherin (60.0%), cyclin D1 (54.2%). Significant correlations emerged - Ki-67 with higher grade (p=0.001), nodal metastasis (p=0.008), advanced stage (p=0.012); E-cadherin loss with nodal spread (p=0.002). These markers serve as adjunctive prognostic biomarkers, improving OSCC risk stratification beyond routine histopathology.
