Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cross-Scale Design of Electrocatalytic Systems for Steering Alcohol Oxidation Toward High-Value-Added Chemicals.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Differential Effects of Morning Versus Afternoon Accelerated High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Sleep Outcomes in Hospitalised Patients With Schizophrenia: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Actas espanolas de psiquiatria·2026
Same author

Multifunctional chitosan cryogel bandages via column-flow synthesis for simultaneous hemostasis and anti-biofilm therapy.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

pH Modulated Atomic Distribution in NiMo Alloys for Ultrastable Water Electrolysis.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Observation of Higher-Dimensional Point-Gap Bulk-Boundary Correspondence.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

ZnO Electron Transport Layers for Scalable Nonfullerene Acceptor-Based Organic Photovoltaics: Assessing the Role of Processing Technique on Device Performance and Stability.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction
10:36

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction

Published on: May 20, 2018

X‑rays to Probe Compression across Scales in Rigid Polyurethane Foams: Molecular Simulations and Synchrotron

Jacopo Lavazza1, Jula C Schroeder1, Qicheng Zhang1,2

  • 1Bristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.

ACS Omega
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study links the macroscopic behavior of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams to their nanostructure evolution during compression. Compression alters the crystalline hard segments in PU foams, impacting their mechanical properties.

More Related Videos

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
07:26

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
11:27

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

Published on: December 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction
10:36

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction

Published on: May 20, 2018

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
07:26

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
11:27

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

Published on: December 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Rigid polyurethane (PU) foams possess a multiscale, hierarchical structure crucial for their engineering applications.
  • Their performance is dictated by nanometric segmented morphology and closed-pore microstructure.
  • Understanding the link between nano- and macro-scale behavior is vital for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate the macroscopic mechanical behavior of rigid PU foams with their nanomorphological evolution under compression.
  • To investigate the changes in crystalline domains within PU foams upon mechanical loading.
  • To validate simulation models with experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to model PU chain behavior, mechanical properties, and X-ray diffractograms.
  • Synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was used to analyze foam structure before and after compression.
  • The Nagy model was utilized to correlate macro-scale experimental and simulation results, accounting for strain rate effects.

Main Results:

  • A direct correlation was established between the macroscopic behavior of PU foams and their nanomorphological changes upon compression.
  • MD simulations successfully modeled the foam's mechanical response and predicted X-ray diffractograms.
  • WAXS measurements revealed a shift in interplane spacing within the semicrystalline phase of hard PU segments after compression.

Conclusions:

  • Macroscopic mechanical loading induces significant changes in the nanostructure of rigid PU foams.
  • The observed shift in interplane spacing indicates a reorientation or rearrangement of hard PU segments at the nanoscale.
  • This study provides a comprehensive understanding of structure-property relationships in PU foams, bridging nano- and macro-scales.