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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture
10:49

Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

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Biocompatible Self-Healing Hydrogel for VAT 3D Printing.

Maria D'Aloia1,2,3, Désirée Baruffaldi1,3, Sandra Dirè4

  • 1Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.

ACS Materials Au
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This study developed a biocompatible, self-healing hydrogel using digital light processing (DLP) printing for advanced tissue engineering scaffolds. The novel hydrogel demonstrates excellent printability, complex structure fabrication, and robust self-repair capabilities for multiple damage-repair cycles.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Self-healing hydrogels (SHHs) mimic biological tissues and are ideal scaffolds for cell growth.
  • Conventional methods like extrusion printing limit structural complexity and resolution.
  • VAT photopolymerization, especially digital light processing (DLP), offers high resolution and design freedom for SHH fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biocompatible and self-healing hydrogel using DLP 3D printing.
  • To enhance structural complexity while maintaining self-repairing properties for tissue engineering.
  • To evaluate the printability, self-healing ability, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility of the developed SHH.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of hydrogel using polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), dithiothreitol (DTT), and borax in PBS.
Keywords:
VAT 3D printingbiocompatibleborate-esterhydrogelself-healing

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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  • Cross-linking via radical photopolymerization and borate-ester bond formation.
  • 3D printing of complex structures using a commercial DLP printer.
  • Assessment of self-healing properties, chemical structure (FTIR, NMR), rheology, mechanical performance, and cytocompatibility.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful 3D printing of complex structures with high resolution and design freedom.
    • Demonstrated self-healing properties, with samples repairing damage within 72 hours and withstanding multiple damage-repair cycles.
    • Confirmed material stability and viscoelastic behavior through chemical and mechanical analyses.
    • Preliminary cytocompatibility assays indicated suitability for tissue engineering applications.

    Conclusions:

    • DLP-based printing facilitates the fabrication of complex self-healing hydrogels with enhanced resolution.
    • The developed hydrogel exhibits promising mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
    • This SHH is a strong candidate for advanced tissue engineering scaffolds.