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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

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Isolation and Transcriptomic Characterization of Genotype 5 Japanese Encephalitis Virus E138K Mutant Strain.

Yuhong Yang1, Ruichen Wang1, Weijia Zhang1

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China, chinacdc.cn.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Emergence of genotype five Japanese encephalitis virus (G5 JEV) highlights public health concerns. A small plaque mutant (XZ0934-S) with an E138K mutation shows potential for vaccine development due to its attenuated properties.

Keywords:
E138K mutationgenotype 5 Japanese encephalitis virustranscriptomic characterization

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The emergence of genotype five Japanese encephalitis virus (G5 JEV) presents ongoing public health challenges.
  • Phenotypic heterogeneity in viral strains can impact disease characteristics and transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenotypic heterogeneity of the G5 JEV parental strain XZ0934.
  • To characterize a specific mutant strain (XZ0934-S) with a focus on its E protein and potential for vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Single-plaque purification to isolate distinct viral strains (XZ0934-L and XZ0934-S).
  • Deep mutational scanning to identify genetic mutations.
  • Viral titer determination, plaque morphology analysis, and cytopathic effect (CPE) assays.
  • Spatial modeling of protein conformation and transcriptomic analysis of host gene expression.

Main Results:

  • The XZ0934-S strain exhibited a small plaque phenotype and carried an E138K mutation in the E protein.
  • XZ0934-S showed weaker cytopathic effects and caused milder transcriptional perturbations in host cells compared to XZ0934-L.
  • Spatial modeling indicated the E138K substitution did not significantly alter the E protein's overall conformation.

Conclusions:

  • The E138K mutation in G5 JEV is associated with attenuated viral properties, including a small plaque phenotype and reduced host gene expression impact.
  • The XZ0934-S mutant strain demonstrates potential as a candidate for Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine development.
  • Further in vivo studies are warranted to assess the safety, genetic stability, and immunogenicity of this promising vaccine candidate.