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Updated: May 19, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
Isobel S Burridge1, Anthony Howard2, Paul Harwood2
1Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, England.
Achieving consistent wire tension in circular external fixation frames is crucial for fracture management. This study found that tensioner application and bolt torque significantly impact wire tension, with controlled application leading to more reliable frame performance.
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