Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
Correlations02:20

Correlations

Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
Correlation01:09

Correlation

In statistics, two variables are said to be correlated if the values of one variable are associated with the other variable. Depending on the relationship between two variables, correlation can be of three types– positive correlation, negative correlation, and zero correlation.
Two variables, for example, a and b, are said to be positively correlated if both variables move in the same direction. In other words, a positive correlation exists between two variables, a and b, if:
Correlation of Experimental Data01:23

Correlation of Experimental Data

Dimensional analysis simplifies complex physical problems and guides experimental investigations, but it does not provide complete solutions. It identifies the dimensionless groups that influence a phenomenon, but experimental data is needed to establish the specific relationships and validate theoretical predictions.
For example, a spherical particle moving through a viscous fluid experiences drag. Dimensional analysis shows that the drag force depends on the particle's diameter, velocity, and...
Data Collection by Observations01:08

Data Collection by Observations

Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
Coefficient of Correlation01:12

Coefficient of Correlation

The correlation coefficient, r, developed by Karl Pearson in the early 1900s, is numerical and provides a measure of strength and direction of the linear association between the independent variable x and the dependent variable y.
If you suspect a linear relationship between x and y, then r can measure how strong the linear relationship is.
What the VALUE of r tells us:
The value of r is always between –1 and +1: –1 ≤ r ≤ 1.
The size of the correlation r indicates the strength of the linear...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Prescriptive Approach to Conference Attendance.

The Journal of nursing administration·2026
Same author

Report from the BV-BRC, CDC, NCBI, and NIAID Viral Sub-Species Classification Workshop.

Journal of virology·2026
Same author

Multi-center open-label tacrolimus inhalation powder trial evaluating safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics in adult lung transplant recipients with significant renal impairment.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026
Same author

BV-BRC: a unified bacterial and viral bioinformatics resource with expanded functionality and AI integration.

Nucleic acids research·2025
Same author

Exploring Reasons for Satisfaction with Job Assignments Among Travel Nurses.

The Journal of nursing administration·2024
Same author

pLxIS-containing domains are biochemically flexible regulators of interferons and metabolism.

Molecular cell·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

The Constant Observation Resource Assessment (CORA): A Preliminary Tool Evaluation.

Heather Watson1, Lucy Stewart, Kate Pontone

  • 1Nurse Scientist (Dr Watson), Nursing Practice and Professional Development Specialist (Stewart), Nursing Coordinator (Pontone), Advanced Practice Nurse Psychiatric Emergency (Dr Crowley), Project Manager III (Batie), Senior Systems Engineer (Tsikerdanos), Department of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.

The Journal of Nursing Administration
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The Constant Observation Resource Assessment (CORA) tool demonstrates good reliability and validity for standardizing patient observation assignments. This evidence-based approach improves fairness and transparency in resource allocation for high-risk patients.

More Related Videos

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
11:21

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
11:21

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Patient Safety
  • Nursing Resource Allocation

Background:

  • Constant observers (COs), or patient safety attendants, are crucial for safe, less restrictive care of high-risk patients.
  • Healthcare staffing shortages necessitate structured and equitable methods for allocating CO resources.
  • Existing methods for assigning COs often lack transparency and fairness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the Constant Observation Resource Assessment (CORA) tool.
  • To determine if CORA can provide a standardized and equitable approach to CO allocation.
  • To assess staff perceptions of CORA regarding transparency, fairness, accuracy, and confidence.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective pilot study conducted across 15 adult and 4 pediatric units.
  • Nurses completed pre- and post-implementation surveys on CORA over a 6-month period in 2021.
  • Inter-rater reliability was assessed using dual ratings and calculating the intraclass correlational coefficient (ICC).

Main Results:

  • Staff ratings improved significantly across all measured domains (P≤0.002; Cohen's d ≈ 0.74-1.31).
  • The overall ICC for CORA total scores was 0.717, indicating acceptable inter-rater reliability.
  • Subscale ICCs ranged from 0.607 to 0.720, and Cronbach's α was 0.888, demonstrating good internal consistency.

Conclusions:

  • The CORA tool exhibits acceptable inter-rater reliability and initial validity for standardizing CO allocation.
  • CORA offers a standardized, evidence-based solution to address fairness and transparency concerns in assigning patient safety attendants.
  • Implementation of CORA has the potential to enhance patient safety, support clinical decisions, and reduce nursing staff burden.