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Relative Risk

Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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A Risk Score without a Window: The Clinical Timing Problem of Observatoire Régional Breton sur l'Infarctus Risk

Sarah Louise Duus Holle1, Helle Søholm2,3, Martin Frydland2,4

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, sarah.louise.duus.holle@regionh.dk.

Cardiology
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The ORBI risk score effectively predicts in-hospital cardiogenic shock (CS) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. However, it significantly overestimates the risk of post-procedural CS, requiring recalibration for clinical use.

Keywords:
Cardiogenic shockObservatoire Régional Breton sur l’Infarctus risk scoreOutcomeRisk stratificationST-elevation myocardial infarction

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An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
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05:37

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Risk Stratification

Background:

  • Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a critical complication of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), contributing significantly to mortality.
  • The ORBI risk score was developed to estimate in-hospital CS risk using pre- and post-procedural angiographic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively validate the ORBI risk score for predicting in-hospital CS in STEMI patients.
  • To assess the ORBI score's ability to identify post-procedural CS when all components are available.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective registration of consecutive adult STEMI patients without CS at admission.
  • Evaluation of discrimination and calibration of the ORBI score for in-hospital and post-procedural CS.
  • Analysis of 2,713 patients with median follow-up during 2022-2025.

Main Results:

  • The ORBI score demonstrated strong discrimination for in-hospital CS (AUC 0.89) and post-procedural CS (AUC 0.87).
  • Low-risk patients (ORBI ≤7) had a 1.0% incidence of in-hospital CS, while high-risk patients (ORBI ≥13) had a 40% incidence.
  • The score substantially overestimated post-procedural CS risk in the evaluated cohort.

Conclusions:

  • The ORBI risk score is a well-performing tool for predicting in-hospital CS in STEMI.
  • The ORBI score requires recalibration to accurately guide post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) decisions due to overestimation of post-procedural CS risk.