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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Generation and Functional Verification of Hypoxia-Sensitive Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells
09:12

Generation and Functional Verification of Hypoxia-Sensitive Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells

Published on: June 14, 2024

Bioengineering CAR-T cells to function in hostile tumor microenvironments.

Sara Mahajna1, Raghad Barhoum1, Asala Sabbah1

  • 1Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

Trends in Biotechnology
|May 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy shows promise for solid tumors by overcoming the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Bioengineering strategies enhance CAR-T cell function, trafficking, and resilience for improved cancer treatment.

Keywords:
CAR-T bioengineeringsolid tumorssynthetic biologytumor microenvironment

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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Published on: February 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is highly effective against blood cancers.
  • CAR-T cell therapy faces significant challenges in treating solid tumors due to the tumor microenvironment.
  • Solid tumors are a major cause of cancer mortality globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in CAR-T cell bioengineering for solid tumors.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming solid tumor-specific barriers to CAR-T cell efficacy.
  • To highlight translational challenges and safety considerations for clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on CAR-T cell bioengineering for solid tumors.
  • Synthesis of in vivo-validated strategies for enhancing CAR-T cell function in solid tumors.
  • Analysis of challenges and safety aspects for clinical translation.

Main Results:

  • CAR-T cell bioengineering strategies can enhance tumor trafficking and retention.
  • Engineered CAR-T cells demonstrate improved resilience to immunosuppression and metabolic stress.
  • Advances address physical barriers and suppressive signaling within the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Bioengineering CAR-T cells offers a promising approach to overcome solid tumor challenges.
  • Enhanced CAR-T cell function, trafficking, and resilience are crucial for therapeutic success.
  • Further research and safety evaluations are needed for successful clinical translation.