Artificial intelligence in orthopedic residency training in Türkiye: A multicenter cross-sectional survey

This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, usage habits, ethical perceptions, and future expectations of orthopedic and traumatology residents of Türkiye regarding artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. A multicenter cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among orthopedic and traumatology residents across Türkiye between July and October 2025. Data were collected using a validated 30-item online questionnaire covering demographics, AI use and awareness, theoretical education and academic utilization, ethical perceptions, and future expectations. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using frequencies and percentages, and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 30.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk). A total of 534 residents participated (96.6% male; mean age: 29.36 ± 4.93 years; mean residency year: 2.81 ± 1.36). Most participants (71.9%) had not received formal AI training, and half reported rarely or never using AI in daily clinical practice. In contrast, 56.2% reported using AI in academic studies, primarily for literature searches (55.1%), summarization (46.1%), and draft preparations (37.1%). Ethical concerns were prominent: 62.5% believed that AI could generate inaccurate information, and 44.9% emphasized plagiarism risk. Despite these concerns, 67% anticipated increased AI use in orthopedics, particularly in academic research, surgical planning, and data analysis. While AI tools are increasingly utilized in academic work, their clinical adoption among orthopedic residents remains limited. Structured AI-based training modules and ethical frameworks are essential for improving residents' competence, confidence, and responsible use of AI in orthopedic education and practice.