Predictive model for survival outcomes in rare primary glandular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Primary glandular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PG-DLBCL) affecting 4 glands is an exceptionally rare malignancy with undefined prognostic drivers. This study developed a predictive model for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in this unique patient subgroup. Primary glandular DLBCL patients from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database were randomly split into training and validation groups at a ratio of 7:3. Cox regression-based nomograms were created to predict OS and CSS in the training set and validated in the validation set. Key prognostic factors were identified, including age, Ann Arbor stage, tumor site, and treatment modalities. The OS rates for primary adrenal DLBCL at 3, 5, and 10 years were 43.65%, 38.10%, and 19.84%, respectively. In contrast, the rates for primary thyroid DLBCL were significantly higher at 76.44%, 72.79%, and 43.20%. This highlights the critical role of tumor location in prognosis. The nomograms accurately predicted survival and helped to tailor treatment strategies, with a C-index of 0.75 for OS and 0.77 for CSS. This predictive model effectively assesses the risk for primary glandular DLBCL patients, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate survival probabilities and develop tailored treatment plans.