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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity

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Human-Artificial Intelligence Collaborative Decision-Making in Emergencies: Relative Advantage Theory.

Xiangying Zou¹, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau¹

¹Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

|May 19, 2026

Summary

This study introduces Relative Advantage Theory to explain human-AI collaboration in emergencies. Findings show that perceived AI advantage drives compliance, offering insights for designing effective AI decision-support systems.

Keywords:

AI role electroencephalography human–AI collaborative decision-making perceived capability time pressure

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive Psychology
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential to improve emergency decision-making.
Understanding human reliance on AI in high-stakes situations is crucial.
Current mechanisms for human-AI collaboration in emergencies are not well-understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and empirically test Relative Advantage Theory for human-AI decision-making in emergencies.
To investigate how time pressure and AI role affect human compliance with AI recommendations.
To provide a theoretical framework for explaining human-AI interaction in critical events.

Main Methods:

A simulated emergency response task was conducted with human participants.
A within-subjects design manipulated time pressure (present/absent) and AI role (expert/assistant).
Key metrics included perceived self-capability, perceived AI capability, compliance, and electroencephalography (EEG) data.

Main Results:

Relative advantage, defined as perceived AI capability minus perceived self-capability, significantly influenced compliance.
Both time pressure and AI role impacted compliance, mediated by relative advantage.
Higher relative advantage values correlated with increased compliance rates.

Conclusions:

The study's findings support Relative Advantage Theory in the context of human-AI collaboration during emergencies.
This theory offers a potential explanation for previously observed inconsistencies in human-AI interaction studies.
The results provide valuable theoretical insights for developing AI systems tailored for emergency response applications.