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Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Increased Cholinergic Activity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Evidence from [18F]FEOBV PET Study.

Cecelia Shvetz1,2,3, Zacharie Saint-Georges1,4, Rami Hamati1,4

  • 1The University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, Canada.

Journal of Neurotrauma
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may lead to persistent cognitive issues. This study found increased cholinergic function in the basal forebrain of mTBI patients, potentially compensating for cognitive deficits.

Keywords:
FEOBVPETcholinergic systemcognitionconcussionmTBI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common, but reasons for persistent cognitive symptoms remain unclear.
  • Cholinergic pathways in the basal forebrain (BF) are crucial for attention and memory, and may be impacted by mTBI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic alterations in chronic mTBI using [18F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([18F]FEOBV) positron emission tomography (PET).
  • To examine the association between BF cholinergic function and cognitive performance in individuals with chronic mTBI.

Main Methods:

  • Ten individuals with chronic mTBI (≥1-year post-injury) and 23 healthy controls underwent [18F]FEOBV PET imaging.
  • PET imaging assessed vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) levels in the BF.
  • Participants completed a battery of cognitive tests.

Main Results:

  • Significantly increased [18F]FEOBV uptake, indicating higher VAChT levels, was observed in the BF of mTBI participants compared to controls (p=0.043).
  • In the mTBI group, greater [18F]FEOBV uptake correlated with faster processing speed (p=0.014).
  • mTBI participants exhibited poorer performance across all cognitive tests compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first study to assess human cholinergic changes post-mTBI.
  • mTBI is associated with increased cholinergic function in the basal forebrain.
  • Elevated VAChT levels may represent a compensatory mechanism for cognitive deficits in chronic mTBI.