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A multi-array bearing-only fusion framework for passive underwater multi-target localization.

Shenyi Ling1,2, Yi-Yang Ni1,2, Yina Han1,2

  • 1School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.

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|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an optimal measurement association (OMA) and multi-target maximum likelihood (MML) framework to improve underwater multi-target localization accuracy. The MML-OMA method effectively reduces ghost points and enhances downstream tracking performance in challenging environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustic signal processing
  • Underwater acoustics
  • Target localization and tracking

Background:

  • Multi-array, multi-target bearing-only localization in strong interference underwater environments presents significant challenges.
  • Ambiguous measurement association and ghost points from bearing-line intersections degrade localization accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an effective fusion framework addressing measurement association and ghost point issues in bearing-only localization.
  • To enhance the accuracy and reliability of underwater multi-target localization and subsequent tracking.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed an optimal measurement association (OMA) metric using Fisher information, offering statistical-theoretical guarantees.
  • Developed a multi-target maximum likelihood (MML) estimator utilizing probability hypothesis density.
  • Integrated OMA and MML into a fusion framework and evaluated with multiple hypothesis tracking.

Main Results:

  • The MML-OMA framework effectively suppresses ghost points and improves localization accuracy in simulations and sea trials.
  • Demonstrated significant improvements in downstream tracking performance compared to traditional methods.
  • Validated the framework's efficacy in strong interference underwater environments.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed MML-OMA fusion framework provides a robust solution for bearing-only localization in challenging underwater conditions.
  • The method enhances target localization accuracy and significantly benefits subsequent tracking tasks.
  • This approach offers a substantial advancement for underwater acoustic detection and tracking systems.