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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant factor...
Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

Concepts of Health and Illness

Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...

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Updated: May 20, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Intertemporal Decision-Making in Health Behaviours: A Conceptual Analysis.

Sisi Fan1, Xinyi Lai1, Jun Ma1

  • 1Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China, csu.edu.cn.

Journal of Nursing Management
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study defines intertemporal decision-making in health behaviours as the trade-offs individuals make between immediate and future health outcomes. Understanding these dynamic preferences is key to interpreting health choices and improving care.

Keywords:
concept analysisdelay discountinghealth behaviourshealth-related decision preferenceintertemporal decision-makingtime preference

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Health behavior research
  • Decision science
  • Behavioral economics

Background:

  • Daily health decisions involve trade-offs between short-term and long-term consequences.
  • Understanding these decisions requires an intertemporal context to grasp underlying mechanisms.
  • This is crucial for advancing research on health behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a conceptual definition for intertemporal decision-making in health behaviors.
  • To develop a universal definition and conceptual model for this decision-making process.
  • To provide a foundation for future research, education, practice, and policy.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Walker and Avant's concept analysis technique (2019).
  • Conducted a systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EconLit, Scopus) up to March 2025.
  • Reviewed dictionaries, grey literature, and reference lists for comprehensive data.

Main Results:

  • Included 49 relevant papers in the analysis.
  • Defined intertemporal decision-making in health behaviors as the process of choosing between short-term and long-term health behavior outcomes.
  • Consequences involve both health and non-health aspects, as well as costs and benefits; dynamic preferences drive choices.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a universal definition and conceptual model for intertemporal decision-making in health behaviors.
  • This framework aids in interpreting individual health behaviors comprehensively.
  • Contributes to improving healthcare practices, global health, and evidence-based care.