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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells
07:23

Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells

Published on: May 30, 2025

Essential lncRNAs in the human transcriptome.

Wen-Wei Liang1, Simon J Mueller1, Sydney K Hart1

  • 1New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10013, USA.

Cell Genomics
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers screened thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to uncover their functions. They identified essential lncRNAs impacting cell health and discovered potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas13MALAT1MIR17HGNoncoding RNARNA targetingessential geneshuman developmentlncRNAtranscriptome-scaletumor biomarkers

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes contain numerous protein-coding and noncoding RNA transcripts.
  • The functional significance of most long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is not well understood.
  • Investigating lncRNA function is crucial for understanding cellular processes and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify functional long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) using a large-scale screening approach.
  • To determine the impact of lncRNA loss on cell fitness, cell cycle, and apoptosis.
  • To identify lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 screens across five human cell lines to assess the impact of losing ~5,500 lncRNAs on cell fitness.
  • Performed individual perturbations to validate the essentiality of identified lncRNAs.
  • Utilized single-cell transcriptome profiling to analyze the effects of lncRNA loss on cellular pathways.
  • Analyzed gene expression data from ~9,000 primary tumors to correlate lncRNA expression with patient survival.

Main Results:

  • Identified 788 essential lncRNAs, with varying context-specific or broad essentiality.
  • Found that most essential lncRNAs function independently of neighboring protein-coding genes.
  • Demonstrated that loss of essential lncRNAs disrupts cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis.
  • Discovered several lncRNAs whose tumor expression levels correlate with patient survival outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents a comprehensive functional survey of lncRNAs across diverse human cell lines.
  • Essential lncRNAs play critical roles in fundamental cellular processes like cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.
  • The identified lncRNAs represent promising candidates for novel cancer biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
  • RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 screens are a powerful tool for transcriptome-wide functional genomics of noncoding RNAs.