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[Imported Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System].

Hiroyuki Murai¹

¹Department of Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo

|May 19, 2026

Summary

Imported infectious diseases like dengue fever and measles pose risks in Japan. While Japanese encephalitis and rabies are less common due to vaccinations, vigilance against mosquito and human transmission remains crucial.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Japan generally has good sanitary conditions, but imported infectious diseases are a concern.
Dengue fever is globally prevalent, with Japan reporting nearly 200 annual cases, primarily acquired in Southeast Asia.
Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis require preventive measures.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the status of key infectious diseases in Japan.
To highlight the importance of preventive measures against vector-borne and human-to-human transmitted diseases.
To discuss the impact of vaccination and public health interventions on disease incidence.

Main Methods:

Review of existing data on dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, and measles in Japan.

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Analysis of disease transmission routes (mosquito-borne, animal-borne, human-to-human).

Assessment of the impact of vaccination programs and control measures.

Main Results:

Dengue fever incidence is around 200 cases annually, mainly acquired overseas.
Japanese encephalitis incidence has decreased due to vaccination, but carries a high mortality rate if symptomatic.
Rabies incidence is low due to canine vaccination and stray dog control.
Measles, a highly contagious disease, saw a decrease during COVID-19 but is now increasing, with recent cases linked to Vietnam.

Conclusions:

Imported infectious diseases, particularly dengue fever and measles, remain a public health concern in Japan.
Vaccination and vector control are effective in reducing the incidence of diseases like Japanese encephalitis and rabies.
Continued monitoring and preventive strategies are essential to manage the risk of infectious disease introduction and spread.