Mathematical Modeling: Problem Solving
Cognitive Learning
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development
Information Processing Approach
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Updated: May 21, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Yongzhao Wang1, Lijun Zhou1, Bingqing Xie1
1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Anyang Normal University, 436 Xian'ge Road, Anyang, 455000, China.
Creative school environments enhance mathematical problem-solving ability (MPSA) through creative self-efficacy (CSE). However, excessive ICT usage may hinder this link, while varying effects are seen across different student groups.
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