[New therapies and ongoing clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease]

Clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease focus on disease-modifying therapies with targeted approaches addressing underlying pathology. Immunotherapies against amyloid-beta with monoclonal antibodies such as lecanemab and donanemab have shown promise in reducing amyloid plaque burden and modestly preserving cognition and function in early-stage patients. Tau-targeted therapies, including vaccines, antibodies, and antisense oligonucleotides, have indicated good tolerability in early studies. Additionally, anti-inflammatory strategies and different neurotransmitters are being explored. As of early 2025, over 180 clinical trials are ongoing, targeting various disease mechanisms and stages, including preclinical and at-risk populations. Increased knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, genetics, and biomarkers has over time provided a broader foundation for the development of Alzheimer's therapy. However, there is still a significant need for better implementation of this knowledge in clinical practice.