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Screening for substance use disorders in primary care settings: A systematic review
Ishika Patel1, Bianca Bryant1, Joseph D Wolfe1
1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
Journal of Opioid Management
|May 20, 2026
Summary
Primary care settings (PCSs) show low rates of formal substance use disorder (SUD) screening. Alcohol is most screened, but barriers like lack of treatment referral and training hinder effective SUD identification and intervention.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Primary Care Medicine
- Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Background:
- Population-based screenings for substance use are recommended but underutilized in primary care settings (PCSs).
- Limited understanding exists regarding current substance screening practices, tools, and challenges within PCSs.
- This systematic review addresses the gap in knowledge concerning substance screening in primary care.
Conclusions:
- The low number of studies (32) suggests formal SUD screening is infrequent in PCSs.
- Integrating patient-centered SUD screening in PCSs is feasible with strategies addressing identified barriers.
- Future research on screening tool feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness is crucial to enhance early SUD identification and intervention rates.
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