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Adenoviral Vectors in Gene Therapy: A Detailed Overview
Hamidreza Saber1, Zahra Mousavipour2
1Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran.
Iranian Biomedical Journal
|May 20, 2026
Summary
Adenoviral vectors (AdVs) are key gene therapy tools with high efficiency but face challenges like immunogenicity. Vector engineering and immune strategies are advancing their potential for treating genetic disorders and cancer.
Area of Science:
- Gene Therapy
- Molecular Biology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Adenoviral vectors (AdVs) are extensively researched gene therapy platforms.
- They offer high transduction efficiency, large transgene capacity, and broad tropism.
- Despite advantages, challenges like immunogenicity limit clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a structured overview of AdVs, covering biology, gene delivery, and clinical applications.
- To explore recent advancements in AdV engineering and immune modulation strategies.
- To consolidate current knowledge and offer a future perspective on AdVs in translational medicine.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of adenoviral vector research.
- Analysis of vector biology, gene delivery mechanisms, and clinical trial data.
- Evaluation of engineering strategies, immune responses, and toxicity profiles.
Main Results:
- AdVs are utilized in genetic disorders, oncology, and vaccinology, with innovations like CRISPR-Cas9 integration.
- Progress includes rare serotypes, capsid modifications, and third-generation vectors.
- Key challenges remain: immunogenicity, hepatotoxicity, scalability, and durable expression.
Conclusions:
- AdVs show significant promise as adaptable tools in gene therapy.
- Overcoming hurdles like immunogenicity and toxicity is crucial for broader clinical use.
- Further research and development are essential for AdVs to evolve into precise therapeutic agents.
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