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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
13:13

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

Neonatal Hyperthyroidism: Case Report and Literature Review.

Emily Sowa, Sharon Anderson

    MCN. the American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing
    |May 20, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neonatal hyperthyroidism, a severe condition, arises from maternal Graves disease antibodies crossing the placenta. Early antibody monitoring in pregnant patients and neonatal thyroid screening are crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

    Keywords:
    FetusGraves diseaseHyperthyroidismNewbornThyrotoxicosis

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 22, 2026

    Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
    13:13

    Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

    Published on: August 24, 2011

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Obstetrics

    Background:

    • Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism are rare but severe conditions.
    • Caused by transplacental passage of thyrotropin receptor antibodies from mothers with Graves disease.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a case of neonatal thyrotoxicosis secondary to maternal Graves disease.
    • To review literature, clinical implications, and best practices for neonatal hyperthyroidism diagnosis and treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of a late preterm infant with thyrotoxicosis.
    • Comprehensive literature review on neonatal hyperthyroidism.

    Main Results:

    • The infant developed thyrotoxicosis due to maternal Graves disease.
    • Literature review identified key diagnostic and treatment strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Importance of identifying the cause of hypothyroidism in pregnancy.
    • Need for antibody monitoring in pregnant patients with a history of Graves disease.
    • Essential to assess neonatal thyroid function shortly after birth for prompt intervention.