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Patients' mHealth Apps Usage and Data Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality Concerns: Exploratory Study.

Nasser Alhammad^1,2, Mohannad Alajlani², Alaa Abd-Alrazaq³

¹Department of Health Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

JMIR Formative Research

|May 20, 2026

Summary

Concerns about data privacy and security significantly impact the adoption of mobile health (mHealth) apps for self-care in Saudi Arabia. Addressing demographic differences is key to improving mHealth app usage among patients.

Keywords:

confidentiality data privacy health care mHealth mobile health patients security

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Area of Science:

Health Informatics
Technology Adoption
Patient Self-Care Management

Background:

The Technology Adoption Model (TAM) is a framework for understanding mobile health (mHealth) app adoption, particularly concerning data privacy and security.
Limited research exists on mHealth app adoption factors in Saudi Arabia, despite government initiatives to promote their use for patient self-care.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of data privacy and security concerns on perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and behavioral intention to use mHealth apps.
To apply the TAM and psychosociocultural framework to mHealth app adoption for self-care management in the Saudi Arabian context.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study surveyed 567 patients using mHealth apps for self-care across Saudi Arabia.
Validated research instruments based on TAM and the psychosociocultural framework were administered via Google Forms.
Linear regression models were used to analyze the relationships between variables.

Main Results:

Over one-third of participants (38.2%) expressed high concerns about data privacy, confidentiality, and security, particularly females, highly educated individuals, and younger age groups (<46 years).
Data privacy, confidentiality, and security concerns explained 18%-25% of the variance in PU, PEOU, and behavioral intention to use mHealth apps.
Reduced concerns about data privacy, confidentiality, and security were significantly associated with higher PU, PEOU, and behavioral intention to use mHealth apps.

Conclusions:

Demographic factors (age, education, gender) and data security/privacy concerns significantly influence mHealth app adoption for self-care.
Healthcare providers and policymakers should consider these demographic variations when developing strategies to enhance mHealth app adoption among Saudi patients.