Artificial intelligence in miniaturized systems Point-of-Care and forensic approach

Artificial Intelligence is increasingly penetrating various scientific domains, offering both enhancements of existing methodologies and development of novel solutions. Its implementation into scientific research, particularly within chemistry and medicine, is driving improvements primarily associated with extensive data prediction, classification, modeling, and analysis. The emerging trend of miniaturization, particularly in Lab-On-Chip systems and biosensors, has gained considerable attention in recent years. Due to technology development, these systems enable the accommodation of more sophisticated techniques employing diverse detection methods alongside Green Analytical Chemistry and White Analytical Chemistry principles. The combination of AI methods and miniaturized systems offers groundbreaking advancement in scientific research, as it bridges the gap between portability, simplicity, utility, low cost, time effectiveness, and the constant improvement of data collection, data analysis, output prediction, model training, and other AI tools. The article highlights various examples of AI-miniaturized systems application in Point-of-Care and Forensic science, addressing the need for well-developed in-field methods. The Point-of-Care methodologies require mobile systems that provide easy accessible healthcare in diverse situations, both at home, in hospitals, and in regions with limited access to sanitary facilities. Forensic science, on the other hand, requires portable devices for rapid and simple on-site analysis, mainly body fluids, drugs, and their metabolites, or ballistic residues. The AI methodologies implemented for those applications may improve the obtained results and their reliability. The advantages and limitations of these technologies were discussed with an emphasis on their future potential for development.