Update on Restless Legs Syndrome Management during Pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Obstetrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is common in pregnancy, affecting approximately 25% of women.
• RLS typically emerges in the second or third trimester and resolves post-delivery.
• Risk factors include iron deficiency, family history, and multiparity, with transient RLS linked to increased chronic disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, risk factors, and management of restless legs syndrome during pregnancy.
• To outline current therapeutic strategies, emphasizing safety for mother and fetus.
• To highlight the importance of collaborative care in managing pregnancy-related RLS.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on restless legs syndrome in pregnancy.
• Analysis of risk factors and epidemiological data.
• Evaluation of management guidelines, including nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions.

Main Results:

• Iron deficiency is a primary risk factor and target for treatment.
• Nonpharmacologic measures and iron repletion are first-line therapies.
• Medications like dopamine agonists, gabapentinoids, opioids, and benzodiazepines are reserved for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of RLS in pregnancy involves addressing iron deficiency and utilizing nonpharmacologic approaches.
• Iron repletion is the safest and most effective treatment.
• Collaborative care is crucial for maternal comfort and minimizing fetal risk.