[Diabetes mellitus-definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention (Update 2026)]

Diabetes mellitus comprises of a group of heterogeneous disorders, which have an increase in blood glucose concentrations in common. The current classification for diabetes mellitus is presented and the main features of type 1, type 2 and monogenic diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young [MODY]) are compared. Furthermore, the criteria for the correct biochemical diagnosis during fasting and oral glucose tolerance tests as well as the use of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are summarized. The increasing prevalence of diabetes requires targeted screening for detecting diabetes and prediabetes in risk groups. This forms the basis for the early initiation of lifestyle- or drug-based measures to prevent the onset of diabetes in these risk groups and to delay the progression of diabetes.