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A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
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Modularity in Enzyme Engineering Enables a High-Yielding Microbial Platform for Melatonin Biosynthesis.

Ge Qu1,2, Jincheng Li2, Qing Wang2

  • 1Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a microbial platform to produce melatonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). This engineered Escherichia coli offers an efficient route for pharmaceutical tryptophan derivatives.

Keywords:
biosynthesisenzyme engineeringmelatoninmicrobial cell factory

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Limited availability of hydroxylated tryptophan derivatives hinders industrial applications.
  • Natural extraction and chemical synthesis pose challenges for producing these compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a modular biosynthetic platform in Escherichia coli for producing melatonin and related indoleamines.
  • To optimize metabolic pathways and key enzymes for efficient production.

Main Methods:

  • Functional integration of animal hydroxylase, insect decarboxylase, avian N-acetyltransferase, and plant O-methyltransferase.
  • Rational enzyme design and metabolic pathway optimization in recombinant Escherichia coli strains.
  • Bioreactor cultivation with exogenous tryptophan feeding.

Main Results:

  • Engineered strains produced 22.8 g/L of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in a 70 L bioreactor.
  • Engineered strains produced 6.2 g/L of melatonin in a 5 L bioreactor.
  • Demonstrated efficient production of pharmaceutically relevant tryptophan derivatives.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microbial system provides an efficient manufacturing route for tryptophan derivatives.
  • This platform offers a versatile enzymatic toolkit for exploring hydroxylated indole compound biochemistry.