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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Room-Temperature Skyrmionic Synapse in 2D Ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 Operating via Collective Spin Texture Transformation.

Jixiang Huang1, Tongji Zhu1, PeiYu Cai2

  • 1School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel artificial synapse using 2D Fe3GaTe2 magnets for energy-efficient neuromorphic systems. This device deterministically transforms spin textures, enabling reliable and tunable synaptic weights for advanced computing applications.

Keywords:
artificial synapsemultiply‐accumulateroom‐temperature 2D magnetskyrmion

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Materials Science
  • Neuromorphic Computing

Background:

  • Magnetic skyrmions are promising for energy-efficient neuromorphic systems but suffer from unreliable nucleation in current devices.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnets offer tunable properties and novel phenomena for overcoming limitations in spintronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a reliable artificial synaptic device utilizing deterministic spin texture transformation in 2D ferromagnets.
  • To explore the potential of Fe3GaTe2 for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of an artificial synaptic device based on the 2D ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2.
  • Utilizing the deterministic transformation between skyrmion-lattice and stripe-domain states to modulate anomalous Hall resistance.
  • Tuning synaptic weight by varying pulse width for multi-weight functionality and multiply-accumulate operations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a linear and reproducible modulation of anomalous Hall resistance via collective spin texture transformation.
  • Achieved effective tuning of synaptic weight by pulse width, enabling multi-weight functionality.
  • Projected single-operation energy consumption of 0.66 pJ, comparable to state-of-the-art memristors.
  • A neural network using this synapse achieved ~96.1% accuracy in handwritten digit recognition.

Conclusions:

  • The Fe3GaTe2-based artificial synapse offers a robust and reliable platform for energy-efficient neuromorphic systems.
  • The deterministic spin texture transformation provides a novel principle for synaptic function, overcoming limitations of probabilistic methods.
  • This work paves the way for large-scale neuromorphic systems leveraging the collective dynamics of 2D magnetic materials at room temperature.